Mucormicosis de cabeza y cuello: Actualización en el diagnóstico y manejo médico-quirúrgico. Una revisión narrativa / Mucormycosis of the head and neck: Update on diagnosis and medical-surgical management. A narrative review

Resumen La mucormicosis, es una patología de baja prevalencia, rápidamente progresiva y de alta mortalidad que engloba un amplio espectro de infecciones del tipo oportunistas, causada por hongos de la familia Mucoraceae, Lichtheimiaceae, Thamnidiaceae, Cunninghamellaceae, Syncephalastraceae y Radiomycetaeae. Actualmente es la tercera causa de infección fúngica invasiva, posterior a la candidiasis y aspergilosos, siendo su presentación clínica más frecuente la rinocerebral de origen paranasal, cuyo síntoma característico es la rinosinusitis aguda bacteriana con proyección a los dientes antrales, de rápido avance y fatalidad. En esta revisión se emplearon resultados extraídos manualmente de artículos indexados en las bases de datos MEDLINE y EBSCO a raíz de la búsqueda de los términos mucormycosis, oral surgery y patient care management con el objetivo de entregar una visión actualizada de la literatura, respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la mucormicosis de cabeza y cuello.

Abstract Mucormycosis is a low-prevalence, rapidly progressive and high-mortality pathology that encompasses a wide spectrum of opportunistic infections caused by fungi of the Mucoraceae, Lichtheimiaceae, Thamnidiaceae, Cunninghamellaceae, Syncephalastraceae, and Radiomycetaeae. It is currently the third cause of invasive fungal infection, after candidiasis and aspergillosis, with its most frequent clinical presentation being rhinocerebral of paranasal origin, whose characteristic symptom is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis with projection to the antral teeth, with rapid progression and fatality. In this review, manually extracted results from articles indexed in the MEDLINE and EBSCO databases were used following the search for the terms mucormycosis, oral surgery and patient care management with the aim of providing an updated view of the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis of the head and neck.

Abnormalities in preoperative examinations of plastic surgery patients / Anormalidades em exames pré-operatórios de pacientes de cirurgia plástica

Introduction: Preoperative tests (EPO) aim to detect abnormalities and give greater safety to the procedure. However, the request for these tests is still controversial, either because they do not bring about changes in conduct for the procedure or result in some harm to the patient. The objective is to assess the frequency of EPO requests and abnormalities in aesthetic plastic surgery patients, to verify what these abnormalities are, what preoperative management should be done based on the finding, and to associate the data obtained with the patient's profile and the planned surgery. Method: Retrospective study evaluating medical records of aesthetic plastic surgery patients who underwent routine EPO in a plastic surgery hospital in 2019. Results: 978 patients were studied, and 51% had some abnormality in EPO. 93.7% were women, with a mean age of 46.5 years. 12.3 exams were performed per patient, and abnormality was observed in 6.1% of EPO. The exams that had the most abnormalities were the lipidogram (23.8%) and the cardiac evaluation (14.1%). Hypothyroidism was the most common comorbidity (18.4% of patients); 70% of diabetics had a glycemic level above the recommended level. Only 3.4% of the patients suffered a change in preoperative management due to EPO abnormality, and in 57.9% of these cases, the surgery was postponed. Test alterations were more frequent in male patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The performance of routine EPO showed a low frequency of altered exams (3.4%) and implied changes in the preoperative conduct of plastic surgery patients.

Introdução: Os exames pré-operatórios (EPO) visam detectar anormalidades e dar maior segurança ao procedimento. No entanto, a solicitação desses exames ainda é controversa, seja por não trazerem mudanças de conduta para o procedimento ou resultar em alguns malefícios para o paciente. O objetivo é avaliar a frequência de solicitações e de anormalidades dos EPO em pacientes de cirurgia plástica estética, verificar quais são estas anormalidades, qual conduta pré-operatória mediante o achado e associar os dados obtidos com o perfil do paciente e cirurgia prevista. Método: Estudo retrospectivo avaliando prontuários de pacientes de cirurgia plástica estética que realizaram EPO de rotina em um hospital de cirurgia plástica durante o ano de 2019. Resultados: Foram estudados 978 pacientes e 51% desses apresentaram alguma anormalidade nos EPO. 93,7% eram mulheres, com média de idade 46,5 anos. Foram realizados 12,3 exames por paciente e observada anormalidade em 6,1% dos EPO. Os exames que mais tiveram anormalidades foram o lipidograma (23,8%) e os da avaliação cardíaca (14,1%). Hipotireoidismo foi a comorbidade mais achada (18,4% dos pacientes); 70% dos diabéticos estavam com o nível glicêmico acima do recomendado. Apenas 3,4% dos pacientes sofreram alteração da conduta pré-operatória devido anormalidade dos EPO e em 57,9% desses casos houve adiamento da cirurgia. Alterações de exames foram mais frequentes em pacientes do sexo masculino (p<0,0001). Conclusão: A realização de EPO de rotina mostrou baixa frequência de exames alterados (3,4%) e implicou em mudanças na conduta pré-operatória em pacientes de cirurgia plástica.

High-value care for critically ill oncohematological patients: what do we know thus far? / Cuidados de alto valor para pacientes oncohematológicos graves: o que sabemos até agora?

ABSTRACT The number of patients with cancer requiring intensive care unit admission is increasing around the world. The improvement in the pathophysiological understanding of this group of patients, as well as the increasingly better and more targeted treatment options for their underlying disease, has led to a significant increase in their survival over the past three decades. Within the organizational concepts, it is necessary to know what adds value in the care of critical oncohematological patients. Practices in medicine that do not benefit patients and possibly cause harm are called low-value practices, while high-value practices are defined as high-quality care at relatively low cost. In this article, we discuss ten domains with high-value evidence in the care of cancer patients: (1) intensive care unit admission policies; (2) intensive care unit organization; (3) etiological investigation of hypoxemia; (4) management of acute respiratory failure; (5) management of febrile neutropenia; (6) urgent chemotherapy treatment in critically ill patients; (7) patient and family experience; (8) palliative care; (9) care of intensive care unit staff; and (10) long-term impact of critical disease on the cancer population. The disclosure of such policies is expected to have the potential to change health care standards. We understand that it is a lengthy process, and initiatives such as this paper are one of the first steps in raising awareness and beginning a discussion about high-value care in various health scenarios.

RESUMO O número de pacientes oncológicos com necessidade de internação em unidades de terapia intensiva está aumentando em todo o mundo. A maior compreensão fisiopatológica desse grupo de pacientes, bem como opções de tratamento cada vez melhores e mais direcionadas à doença subjacente, tem levado a um aumento significativo da sobrevida nas últimas três décadas. Dentro dos conceitos organizacionais é necessário saber o que agrega valor ao cuidado de pacientes onco-hematológicos graves. As práticas terapêuticas não benéficas aos pacientes e possivelmente causadoras de danos são chamadas práticas de baixo valor, enquanto as práticas de alto valor são definidas como cuidados de alta qualidade a um custo relativamente baixo. Neste artigo discutimos dez domínios com evidências de alto valor no cuidado de pacientes com câncer: (1) políticas de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva; (2) organização da unidade de terapia intensiva; (3) investigação etiológica da hipoxemia; (4) manejo da insuficiência respiratória aguda; (5) manejo da neutropenia febril; (6) tratamento quimioterápico de urgência em pacientes graves; (7) experiência do paciente e da família; (8) cuidados paliativos; (9) cuidados com a equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva; e (10) impacto a longo prazo da doença grave na população oncológica. Esperase que a divulgação dessas políticas traga mudanças aos padrões atuais do cuidado em saúde. Entendemos que é um processo longo, e iniciativas como o presente artigo são um dos primeiros passos para aumentar a conscientização e possibilitar discussão sobre cuidados de alto valor em vários cenários de saúde.

Effect of improved management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders on maternal and infant outcomes / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of improved management procedures in placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) and its impact on maternal and infant outcomes.Methods:This retrospective study involved 164 pregnant women who were diagnosed with PAS complicated with placenta previa and delivered at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School from January 2019 to December 2022. All subjects were allocated to pre-improvement group (January 2019 to December 2020, n=96) and post-improvement group (January 2021 to December 2022, n=68). The management was improved in the following five aspects: (1) The time for scheduled delivery was postponed to 37 weeks from 34-36 weeks;(2) Intraoperative cell salvage was encouraged despite autologous blood donation during pregnancy;(3) Original surgical incision was utilized instead of mid-longitudinal incision in the lower abdomen to reduce operative trauma; (4) A lower segment incision of the uterus was not prohibited based on pre-operative PAS classification and intra-operative situation to enter the uterine cavity, even through the placenta instead of pass-by;(5) The interface between lower uterine segment and bladder was dissected before instead of after the baby was born and uterine blood supply was stopped by tourniquet or Scharr forceps. Statistical methods such as t-test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method were used to compare the difference in maternal and infant outcomes between the two groups. Results:After the improvement, the delivery rate beyond 37 weeks decreased significantly [83.3% (80/96) vs 69.1% (47/68), χ 2=4.60, P=0.038]. There was no significant difference in the distribution of elective, subemergency and emergency surgeries before and after the improvement ( χ 2=0.36, P=0.834). Compared to the pre-improvement group, the proportion of women who underwent cesarean section through previous abdominal incisions increased significantly [74.0% (71/96) vs 91.1% (64/68), χ 2=11.11, P=0.001] in the post-improvement group, while the proportion of application of abdominal longitudinal incision and classical cesarean section decreased significantly [84.3% (81/96) vs 57.3% (39/68), χ 2=14.81, P<0.001; 83.3% (80/96) vs 61.8% (42/68), χ 2=9.72, P=0.003]. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the transfusion rate of allogeneic red blood cell, platelet and other blood components, pre-discharge hemoglobin level, subtotal hysterectomy rate, bladder injury, thrombus event, the admission rate of intensive care unit and unplanned reoperation rate (all P>0.05). The incidence of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and necrotizing enterocolitis decreased significantly after improvement [24.7% (24/97) vs 11.8% (8/68), χ 2=4.31, P=0.038; 4.1% (4/97) vs 0.0% (0/68), χ 2=58.06, P<0.001]. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, and neonatal septicemia also decreased, but without statistical difference. Conclusions:After adopting a series of improvement measures, such as delaying planned delivery to 37 weeks of gestation, individualized cesarean section plan, and changing the method of obtaining autoblood, the number of premature infants and the NICU admission rate decreased significantly without increasing the risk of maternal complications and emergency operation. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events such as maternal organ injury, unplanned reoperation, and re-admission remains at a low level. Therefore, this improved management is feasible.

Influence of shared medical appointments on health-related quality of life and quality of sleep in patients after liver transplantation / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To observe the influence of shared medical appointments on health-related quality of life and quality of sleep in patients after liver transplantation.Methods:By randomized controlled study, a total of 124 patients after liver transplantation were included from our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019, and according to the lottery method, all subjects were divided into the routine management group ( n=64) who received routine outpatient intervention and the shared medical management group ( n=60) who received shared medical appointments management. The health-related quality of life and quality of sleep were investigated and compared by post-liver transplant quality of life questionnaire (pLTQ) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before intervention (the day of discharge) and after intervention (the end of the last shared outpatient service). Results:After intervention, the dimension scores of worry, economics, body function, emotional function, health service, complication and total score of pLTQ were improved in tow groups than before intervention [the routine management group: (41.90±7.61), (18.13±4.22), (22.22±5.10), (14.92±3.28), (20.39±4.87), (14.63±3.99), and (132.19±37.09) vs (32.25±5.55), (12.77±3.47), (17.58±4.72), (9.23±1.38), (15.17±4.81), (10.89±1.51) and (98.00±29.03) score, t=8.20, 7.85, 3.58, 12.79, 6.10, 7.01, 5.81, all P<0.001; shared medical management group: (46.12±7.92), (24.16±5.34), (25.55±5.42), (17.90±3.60), (24.81±5.12), (17.93±3.60) and (155.47±41.00) vs (32.57±5.69), (12.81±3.82), (17.00±4.70), (9.60±1.39), (15.39±4.84), (11.00±3.52) and (98.37±28.96) score, t=10.76, 13.39, 9.23, 16.66, 10.36, 10.66, 8.81, all P<0.001], and those in the shared medical management group were higher than those in routine management group ( t=3.03, 6.95, 3.53, 4.82, 4.93, 4.83, 3.32, all P<0.05). After intervention, the total score of PSQI scale were lower than before intervention in the routine management group [(10.48±2.14) vs (11.89±2.45) score, t=3.47, P=0.001], and the dimensions score of sleep quality, full-sleep time, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, daytime function, hypnotic and total score of PSQI were lower than before intervention in the shared medical management group [(1.41±0.32), (0.54±0.13), (1.17±0.26), (1.11±0.35), (1.21±0.27), (1.30±0.33), (1.08±0.21) and (8.05±1.75) vs (1.88±0.53), (0.86±0.37), (1.84±0.41), (2.05±0.56), (1.39±0.33), (1.47±0.43), (1.22±0.32) and (11.71±2.43) score, t=-5.88, -6.32, -10.69, -11.03, -3.27, -2.43, -3.65, -9.47, all P<0.05], and those in the shared medical management group were lower than those in routine management group ( t=-6.68, -6.39, -10.43, -10.97, -2.62, -2.12, -3.54, -6.90, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Shared medical appointments model can improve the health-related quality of life and quality of sleep in patients after liver transplantation, and improve the effectiveness of outpatient intervention.

Implementation of a patient blood management program based on a low-income country-adapted clinical decision support system

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patient blood management (PBM) programs are associated with better patient outcomes, a reduced number of transfusions and cost-savings The Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems are valuable tools in this process, but their availability is limited in developing countries This study assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted CDS system for low-income countries. Methods: This was a prospective study of the PBM program implementation, in a 200-bed tertiary hospital, between February 2019 and May 2020. Outcome measures were red blood cell (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet unit transfusions, the transfusion of a single unit of red blood cells and an RBC adequacy index (RAI). Results: Comparing the post-PBM program era with the pre-PBM system era, there was a decrease in red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.05), with an increase in single unit red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.005) and RAI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The PBM programs, including electronic transfusion guidelines with pre-transfusion medical auditing, was associated with improved transfusion practices and reduced product acquisition-related costs.

Clinical management of COVID-19: living guideline - 15 September 2022

The WHO COVID-19 Clinical management: living guidance contains the Organization's most up-to-date recommendations for the clinical management of people with COVID-19. Providing guidance that is comprehensive and holistic for the optimal care of COVID-19 patients throughout their entire illness is important. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the 'Download' button) and via an online platform, and is updated regularly as new evidence emerges. No further updates to the previous existing recommendations were made in this latest version. This updated (fifth) version contains 16 new recommendations for the rehabilitation of adults with post COVID-19 condition (see Chapter 24), which includes: strong recommendation that exertional desaturation and cardiac impairment following COVID-19 should be ruled out and managed before consideration of physical exercise training

Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Care: an Experience with Hypertensive Patients in the North of Brazil

Abstract Background: Uncontrolled blood pressure has been associated with poor adherence to drug treatment. Objectives: To assess blood pressure control in hypertensive patients attending primary health centers after implementation of a pharmaceutical follow-up program in a city of the north of Brazil. Methods: Observational, cross sectional, descriptive study with 163 hypertensive patients attending public primary health care centers - one located on the riverside and one in the urban area of the city of Santarem, western Pará, Brazil. Adherence to the anti-hypertensive treatment was assessed using the eight-item Morisky test. Pharmacotherapy follow-up (Dader method) of patients with uncontrolled hypertension and non-adherent to anti-hypertensive treatment was performed. Results of the normality test showed that the data did not follow a normal distribution. Continuous variables were then compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and categorical variables by the likelihood ratio and the McNemar tests. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Of the total sample, 94.5% were not adherent to anti-hypertensive drug therapy and 77.2% had uncontrolled hypertension. Adherence rate was higher in men than women (p=0.006). Pharmacotherapy follow-up improved blood pressure levels, particularly systolic blood pressure (p<0.001). Conclusion: An individualized pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, considering regional and cultural specificities, can contribute to the treatment of hypertensin in the primary care.

Current status and challenges of prenatal and postnatal integrated management of fetal congenital heart defect / 中华围产医学杂志

Early and prompt comprehensive prevention and treatment of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) has become an international consensus and trend, with the aim of improving its prenatal detection rate, diagnostic accuracy, and the overall pregnancy outcome. Prenatal and postnatal integrated management of fetal CHD has been shown to be clinically effective in the prevention and treatment of CHD, which consists of early and accurate diagnosis, identification of structure-related multi-dimensional etiology, standardized consultation, primary prevention for the next fetus, and postnatal management. This review summarizes the current status, challenge, and future trend of implementing prenatal and postnatal integrated management of fetal CHD in China.

Approaches of the systematization of nursing care, complexity and ontology in the professional practice of nurses / Aproximaciones entre sistematización de asistencias de enfermería, complejidad y ontologia en la práctica profesional del enfermero / Aproximações entre sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, complexidade e ontologia na prática profissional do enfermeiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the approaches of the Systematization of Nursing Care, ontology and complex thinking in professional nursing practice. Method: A reflective theoretical study grounded on the Complexity Theory of Edgar Morin and on the ontological principles of computational application which enables representing nursing concepts. Results: The paradigm of complexity breaks the linearity and expands the meaning of Systematization of Nursing Care, supporting a conceptualization of new entities and objectives, moving away from reductionism in work practice. Ontology is considered as a potential technology for creating a standardized language capable of representing the Systematization of Nursing Care from the perspective of complex thinking. Conclusion: Ontology furthers the formal representation of Systematization of Nursing Care knowledge, creating strength in its identity, organization, and sharing its knowledge and information. Supporting the dissemination of common nursing vocabulary contributes to nurses' daily experience and decisions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las aproximaciones entre la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería, ontología y pensamiento complejo en la práctica profesional del enfermero. Método: Estudio teórico reflexivo fundamentado en la teoría de la complejidad de Edgar Morin y en los principios ontológicos con aplicación computacional posibles de representación conceptual en la enfermería. Resultados: El paradigma de la complejidad rompe con la linealidad y amplía el significado de la Sistematización de la Asistencia, favoreciendo la conceptualización de nuevas entidades y objetivos, alejándose del reduccionismo en la práctica laboral. La ontología se considera una tecnología potencial para crear un lenguaje estandarizado capaz de representar la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo. Conclusión: La ontología facilita la representación formal del conocimiento de la la Sistematización de la Asistencia, fortaleciendo su identidad, organización, intercambio de conocimiento e información. Unido al pensamiento complejo, favorece la difusión de vocabulario común al área de enfermería que contribuya en la experiencia y decisiones de los enfermeros.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre as aproximações entre Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, ontologia e pensamento complexo na prática profissional do enfermeiro. Método: Estudo teórico reflexivo fundamentado na Teoria da Complexidade de Edgar Morin e nos princípios ontológicos com aplicação computacional possíveis de representações conceituais na enfermagem. Resultados: O paradigma da complexidade rompe com a linearidade e amplia o significado da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, favorecendo a conceituação de novas entidades e objetivos, distanciando-se do reducionismo na prática laboral. Considera-se a ontologia como potencial tecnologia para criação de linguagem padronizada capaz de representar a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na perspectiva do pensamento complexo. Conclusão: A ontologia facilita a representação formal do conhecimento da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, gerando fortalecimento da sua identidade, organização, compartilhamento do conhecimento e informação. Aliada ao pensamento complexo, favorece a difusão de vocabulário comum à enfermagem, contribuindo na experiência e decisões dos enfermeiros.

Costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético: revisión sistemática / Cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management: systematic review / Custo-efetividade das intervenções de enfermagem para o tratamento das úlceras do pé diabético: uma revisão sistemática

Introducción. Las intervenciones de enfermería usadas para el tratamiento de las úlceras por pie diabético incluyen técnicas de cura tradicionales y avanzadas. Frecuentemente su elección depende del criterio personal de la enfermera, en lugar del reconocimiento de la relación costo-efectividad. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las intervenciones de enfermería de mayor costo-efectividad para el manejo de pacientes con úlceras por pie diabético. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Pubmed, Cochrane y la Biblioteca Virtual De La Salud. Se incluyeron estudios aleatorizados y no aleatorizados de cualquier intervención de enfermería usada para el manejo de úlcera por pie diabético con reporte de costo-efectividad. La selección de los artículos elegibles fue realizada por dos evaluadores independientes. El riesgo de sesgos fue evaluado con las guías Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Resultados. Seis de los ocho artículos incluidos fueron clasificados con alto riesgo de sesgos. Las dos intervenciones en las que se evidenció una mejor relación costo-efectividad en comparación con el grupo control fueron el uso de Beta-Glucan gel (comparado con placebo) y la terapia de presión negativa (comparada con terapia de herida húmeda avanzada). Discusión. Guías nacionales e internacionales para el manejo de enfermería de úlceras por pie diabético proponen al menos 15 diferentes intervenciones. Sin embargo, la escasa disponibilidad de estudios de alta calidad sobre la relación costo-efectividad dificulta la selección y genera mayor variabilidad en las prácticas de enfermería. Conclusión. Es necesario realizar estudios de la relación costo-efectividad con comparaciones directas de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético. Cómo citar. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético: revisión sistemática. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 13-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Introduction. Nursing interventions used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers include traditional and advanced healing techniques. Often their choice depends on the nurse's personal judgment, rather than recognition of cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study is to identify the most cost-effective nursing interventions for the management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted at Pubmed, Cochrane and the Virtual Health Library. Randomized and non-randomized studies of any nursing intervention used for diabetic foot ulcer management with reported cost-effectiveness were included. The selection of eligible articles was made by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the following guidelines: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results. Six of the eight included articles were classified at high risk of bias. The two interventions in which a better cost-effectiveness ratio was evidenced compared to the control group were the use of Beta-Glucan gel (compared to placebo) and negative pressure wound therapy (compared to advanced wet wound therapy). Discussion. National and international guidelines for the nursing management of diabetic foot ulcers propose at least 15 different interventions. However, the limited availability of high-quality cost-effectiveness studies makes selection difficult and generates greater variability in nursing practices. Conclusion. Cost-effectiveness studies with direct comparisons of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management are needed. Cómo citar. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético: revisión sistemática. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 13-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Introdução. As intervenções de enfermagem usadas para tratar úlceras do pé diabético incluem técnicas de cura tradicionais e avançadas. Frequentemente, sua escolha depende do julgamento pessoal da enfermeira, ao invés do reconhecimento da relação custo-efetividade. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as intervenções de enfermagem com um maior custo-efetividade para o tratamento de pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no Pubmed, Cochrane e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram incluídos estudos randomizados e não randomizados de qualquer intervenção de enfermagem utilizada para o tratamento de úlceras do pé diabético com relatórios de custo-efetividade. A seleção dos artigos elegíveis foi feita por dois avaliadores independentes. O risco de tendências foi avaliado com as diretrizes do Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Resultados. Seis dos oito artigos incluídos foram classificados como de alto risco de tendência. As duas intervenções que mostraram uma melhor relação custo-efetividade em comparação com o grupo de controle foram o uso de gel de Beta-Glucan (em comparação com o placebo) e a terapia de pressão negativa (em comparação com a terapia avançada de feridas úmidas). Discussão. Diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para o tratamento de enfermagem de úlceras do pé diabético propõem pelo menos 15 intervenções diferentes. No entanto, a disponibilidade limitada de estudos de alta qualidade sobre a relação custo-efetividade torna difícil a seleção e leva a uma maior variabilidade nas práticas de enfermagem. Conclusão. São necessários estudos que tratem a relação custo-efetividade com comparações diretas de intervenções de enfermagem para o tratamento de úlceras do pé diabético. Cómo citar. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético: revisión sistemática. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 13-26. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management: systematic review / Costo-efectividad de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético: revisión sistemática / Custo-efetividade das intervenções de enfermagem para o tratamento das úlceras do pé diabético: uma revisão sistemática

Introducción. Nursing interventions used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers include traditional and advanced healing techniques. Often their choice depends on the nurse's personal judgment, rather than recognition of cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study is to identify the most cost-effective nursing interventions for the management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted at Pubmed, Cochrane and the Virtual Health Library. Randomized and non-randomized studies of any nursing intervention used for diabetic foot ulcer management with reported cost-effectiveness were included. The selection of eligible articles was made by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the following guidelines: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results. Six of the eight included articles were classified at high risk of bias. The two interventions in which a better cost-effectiveness ratio was evidenced compared to the control group were the use of Beta- Glucan gel (compared to placebo) and negative pressure wound therapy (compared to advanced wet wound therapy). Discussion. National and international guidelines for the nursing management of diabetic foot ulcers propose at least 15 different interventions. However, the limited availability of high-quality cost-effectiveness studies makes selection difficult and generates greater variability in nursing practices. Conclusion. Cost-effectiveness studies with direct comparisons of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management are needed. Citation. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management: systematic review. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 27-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Introduction. Las intervenciones de enfermería usadas para el tratamiento de las úlceras por pie diabético incluyen técnicas de cura tradicionales y avanzadas. Frecuentemente su elección depende del criterio personal de la enfermera, en lugar del reconocimiento de la relación costo-efectividad. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las intervenciones de enfermería de mayor costo-efectividad para el manejo de pacientes con úlceras por pie diabético. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Pubmed, Cochrane y la Biblioteca Virtual De La Salud. Se incluyeron estudios aleatorizados y no aleatorizados de cualquier intervención de enfermería usada para el manejo de úlcera por pie diabético con reporte de costo-efectividad. La selección de los artículos elegibles fue realizada por dos evaluadores independientes. El riesgo de sesgos fue evaluado con las guías Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Resultados. Seis de los ocho artículos incluidos fueron clasificados con alto riesgo de sesgos. Las dos intervenciones en las que se evidenció una mejor relación costo- efectividad en comparación con el grupo control fueron el uso de Beta-Glucan gel (comparado con placebo) y la terapia de presión negativa (comparada con terapia de herida húmeda avanzada). Discusión. Guías nacionales e internacionales para el manejo de enfermería de úlceras por pie diabético proponen al menos 15 diferentes intervenciones. Sin embargo, la escasa disponibilidad de estudios de alta calidad sobre la relación costo-efectividad dificulta la selección y genera mayor variabilidad en las prácticas de enfermería. Conclusión. Es necesario realizar estudios de la relación costo-efectividad con comparaciones directas de las intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de úlceras por pie diabético. Citation. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management: systematic review. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 27-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Introdução. As intervenções de enfermagem usadas para tratar úlceras do pé diabético incluem técnicas de cura tradicionais e avançadas. Frequentemente, sua escolha depende do julgamento pessoal da enfermeira, ao invés do reconhecimento da relação custo-efetividade. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as intervenções de enfermagem com um maior custo-efetividade para o tratamento de pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no Pubmed, Cochrane e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram incluídos estudos randomizados e não randomizados de qualquer intervenção de enfermagem utilizada para o tratamento de úlceras do pé diabético com relatórios de custo-efetividade. A seleção dos artigos elegíveis foi feita por dois avaliadores independentes. O risco de tendências foi avaliado com as diretrizes do Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Resultados. Seis dos oito artigos incluídos foram classificados como de alto risco de tendência. As duas intervenções que mostraram uma melhor relação custo-efetividade em comparação com o grupo de controle foram o uso de gel de Beta-Glucan (em comparação com o placebo) e a terapia de pressão negativa (em comparação com a terapia avançada de feridas úmidas). Discussão. Diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para o tratamento de enfermagem de úlceras do pé diabético propõem pelo menos 15 intervenções diferentes. No entanto, a disponibilidade limitada de estudos de alta qualidade sobre a relação custo-efetividade torna difícil a seleção e leva a uma maior variabilidade nas práticas de enfermagem. Conclusão. São necessários estudos que tratem a relação custo-efetividade com comparações diretas de intervenções de enfermagem para o tratamento de úlceras do pé diabético. Citation. Vásquez-Hernández, S., Rico-Ardila, D., Gómez-Camargo, L., Álvarez-Quintero, L. Cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcer management: systematic review. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 27-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3832

Nurses and the Manchester: rearranging the work process and emergency care? / Enfermeras y Manchester: ¿reconfigurando el proceso de trabajo y la atención de emergencia? / Os enfermeiros e o Manchester: reconfiguração do processo de trabalho e do cuidado em emergência?

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the changing roles of nurses in labor division organization in hospitals from the Manchester Triage System implementation in an emergency hospital. Methods: this is an ethnographic study that used different production techniques and data analysis. Results: the Manchester Triage System organized flows and places resulting in quality of care and changes in work processes. Conflict relationships related to disagreements in risk stratification were present. Final considerations: the traditional roles of nurses have been transformed, but it cannot be said that there was a structural change in their position in labor division organization in hospitals. The frontiers of autonomy, therefore of increasing the professionalization of nurses, are neither fixed nor stable, expanding or contracting according to the micropolitical changes in the governance of care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los roles cambiantes de las enfermeras en la organización de la división del trabajo en el hospital desde la implementación del Sistema de Triaje Manchester en un hospital de urgencia y emergencia. Métodos: estudio etnográfico, utilizando diferentes técnicas de producción y análisis de datos. Resultados: el Sistema de Triaje Manchester organizó flujos y lugares, lo que resultó en calidad de atención y cambios en los procesos de trabajo. Estuvieron presentes relaciones conflictivas relacionadas con desacuerdos en la clasificación del riesgo. Consideraciones finales: los roles tradicionales de las enfermeras se han transformado, pero no se puede decir que hubo un cambio estructural en su posición en la organización de la división del trabajo en el hospital. Las fronteras de la autonomía, por tanto de incrementar la profesionalización del enfermero, no son fijas ni estables, ampliándose o contrayéndose según los cambios micropolíticos en la gobernanza del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender as mudanças de papéis dos enfermeiros na organização da divisão do trabalho no hospital a partir da implantação do Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco em hospital de urgência e emergência. Métodos: estudo etnográfico, com o emprego de diferentes técnicas de produção e de análise de dados. Resultados: o Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco organizou os fluxos e lugares, resultando em qualidade do cuidado e em mudanças nos processos de trabalho. Relações de conflito relacionadas às discordâncias na classificação do risco estiveram presentes. Considerações finais: os papé is tradicionais dos enfermeiros se transformaram, mas não se pode afirmar que houve mudança estrutural da posição deles na organização da divisão do trabalho no hospital. As fronteiras da autonomia, portanto de aumento de profissionalização dos enfermeiros, não são fixas nem estáveis, alargando ou contraindo de acordo com as mudanças micropolíticas da governabilidade do cuidado.

Intervenção não farmacológica no manejo de delirium: uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa / Nonpharmacological intervention in the management of delirium: an integrative bibliographic review

Resumo Introdução O delirium é um quadro clínico complexo caracterizado por uma expressão neuropsiquiátrica de doença orgânica, em que o indivíduo apresenta súbita alteração da capacidade cognitiva, possíveis flutuações do sono, consciência e atenção. O tratamento do delirium deve ser realizado por meio de uma abordagem multicomponente e interdisciplinar. Objetivo Conhecer as intervenções não farmacológicas para o manejo de delirium por equipe multiprofissional e aquelas conduzidas especificamente pelo terapeuta ocupacional. Método Revisão bibliográfica integrativa da literatura indexada nas bases Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science e SciELO sem recorte temporal. Resultados As intervenções visavam o empoderamento e a participação de todos os agentes envolvidos no tratamento do paciente com delirium. Destacaram-se estratégias voltadas para: o aumento da autonomia e da independência do paciente; adequação das condições ambientais, de modo a promover segurança, conforto, familiaridade e orientação temporal-espacial; adaptação da rotina para favorecer o ciclo sono-vigília; estimulação física, cognitiva e sensorial; melhora do desempenho ocupacional e estímulo à realização de atividades significativas; prescrição de recursos de tecnologia assistiva e terapias complementares, quando indicado; avaliação e monitoramento constante do paciente; controle da dor, de sintomas emocionais e de condições clínicas que predispõem ao delirium; melhora da comunicação do paciente e sua vinculação com a equipe e com a rede de apoio; e educação em saúde. Conclusão As intervenções visam à integralidade do cuidado e devem, portanto, ser realizadas pelos diferentes profissionais que componham a equipe, destacando-se o papel que os terapeutas ocupacionais exercem no gerenciamento do delirium.

Abstract Introduction Delirium is a complex clinical condition characterized by a neuropsychiatric expression organic disease, in which the individual has a sudden change in cognitive capacity, possible fluctuations in sleep, awareness, and attention. The treatment of delirium must be carried out using a multicomponent and interdisciplinary approach. Objective Learning about non-pharmacological interventions for the management of delirium by a multidisciplinary team and those conducted specifically by the occupational therapist. Method Integrative bibliographic review on Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science database and SciELO. Results The interventions aimed at the empowerment and participation of all agents involved in the treatment of patients with delirium. We highlight strategies focused on: increasing patient autonomy and independence; adequacy of environmental conditions, promote safety, comfort, familiarity, and temporal-spatial orientation; adaptation of the routine to favor the sleep-wake cycle; physical, cognitive, and sensory stimulation; improving occupational performance and encouraging significant activities; prescription of assistive technology resources and complementary therapies, when indicated; constant evaluation and monitoring of the patient; control of pain, emotional symptoms and clinical conditions that predispose to delirium; improved communication of the patient and his bonding with the team and the support network; and health education. Conclusion Interventions aim at integrality of care and therefore, must be carried out by the different professionals that compose the team, highlighting the role that occupational therapists play in the management of delirium.

Implementation of Tele-ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic / Implantação de telemedicina de terapia intensiva durante a pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the implementation of a Tele-ICU program during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to describe and analyze the results of the first four months of operation of the program. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study of the implementation of a Tele-ICU program, followed by a retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICUs between April and July of 2020. Results: The Tele-ICU program was implemented over a four-week period and proved to be feasible during the pandemic. Participants were trained remotely, and the program had an evidence-based design, the objective being to standardize care for patients with COVID-19. More than 100,000 views were recorded on the free online platforms and the mobile application. During the study period, the cases of 326 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated through the program. The median age was 60 years (IQR, 49-68 years). There was a predominance of males (56%). There was also a high prevalence of hypertension (49.1%) and diabetes mellitus (38.4%). At ICU admission, 83.7% of patients were on invasive mechanical ventilation, with a median PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150. It was possible to use lung-protective ventilation in 75% of the patients. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 68%, and ICU mortality was 65%. Conclusions: Our Tele-ICU program provided multidisciplinary training to health care professionals and clinical follow-up for hundreds of critically ill patients. This public health care network initiative was unprecedented and proved to be feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic, encouraging the creation of similar projects that combine evidence-based practices, training, and Tele-ICU.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a implantação de um serviço de telemedicina de UTI durante a pandemia de COVID-19, assim como descrever e analisar os resultados dos primeiros quatro meses de funcionamento do programa. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo da implantação de um serviço de telemedicina de UTI seguido de análise retrospectiva dos dados clínicos de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em UTI entre abril e julho de 2020. Resultados: O serviço foi implantado em quatro semanas e mostrou-se viável em meio à pandemia. O treinamento foi desenhado para ser remoto e baseado em evidências, promovendo a padronização do atendimento aos pacientes com COVID-19. Mais de 100.000 visualizações foram registradas nas plataformas on-line de acesso livre e no aplicativo móvel. Durante o período do estudo, os casos de 326 pacientes com COVID-19 foram avaliados no programa. A mediana de idade foi de 60 anos (variação: 49-68 anos). Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (56%) e alta prevalência de hipertensão arterial (49,1%) e diabetes mellitus (38,4%). Na admissão na UTI, 83,7% dos pacientes estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva, com uma mediana da relação PaO2/FiO2 < 150. Ventilação pulmonar protetora foi possível em 75% dos casos. A mortalidade na UTI foi de 65%, e a mortalidade hospitalar foi de 68%. Conclusões: A telemedicina de UTI forneceu treinamento multidisciplinar aos profissionais de saúde e acompanhamento clínico de centenas de pacientes críticos. A iniciativa na rede pública foi pioneira e mostrou-se viável em meio à pandemia de COVID-19, incentivando a criação de projetos semelhantes que combinem práticas baseadas em evidências, treinamento e telemedicina.

Nurse's protagonism in structuring and managing a specific unit for Covid-19 / Protagonismo del enfermero en la estructuración y gestión de una unidad específica para Covid-19 / Protagonismo do enfermeiro na estruturação e gestão de uma unidade específica para Covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience in the structuring and managing process of a specific unit for COVID-19, highlighting the role of nurses in decision-making. Method: an experience report on the creation and management of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) unit, in March 2020, in 2020, in a philanthropic hospital of the state of Santa Catarina. Results: the unit was structured with 10 intensive care beds and 20 infirmary beds. Meetings were held to make decisions, as well as to create protocols and flows with active participation of the nurse. In questions related to direct assistance, adaptations were developed in the nursing process performed at the hospital and the organization of new flows and routines. The physical space was structured, considering the high risk of transmissibility for the disease. Professionals were hired with staffing readjustment according to the complexity of the service, making up a team of professionals with experience in critical care. There were trainings for developing knowledge and skills prior to the first cases, which were systematically maintained. In addition, it was observed that the nurses were concerned about the mental health of the professionals working in this unit and, therefore, support actions were programmed. Conclusion: the foundation in the scientific evidence and recommendations of the competent bodies at the world and national levels for the structuring of the COVID-19 unit is emphasized. The role of the nurse in all the interfaces stands out, assuming a fundamental role from the composition of the commissions, going through the planning and functioning of the physical structure, management of human resources, and construction of care protocols and flows, in addition to acting directly in the care provided.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reportar la experiencia en el proceso de estructuración y gestión de una unidad específica para COVID-19, destacando el protagonismo del enfermero en la toma de decisiones. Método: informe de experiencia sobre la creación y gestión de la unidad Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), en marzo de 2020, en un hospital filantrópico del estado de Santa Catarina. Resultados: la unidad se estructuró con 10 camas de cuidados intensivos y 20 de enfermería. Se realizaron reuniones para tomar decisiones y crear protocolos y flujos con participación activa del enfermero. En las cuestiones relacionadas con la asistencia directa, se desarrollaron adaptaciones en el proceso de enfermería realizado en el hospital y se organizaron nuevos flujos y rutinas. Se estructuró el espacio físico, en vistas del elevado riesgo de transmisibilidad de la enfermedad. Se contrataron profesionales con readecuación de número según la complejidad del servicio, conformándose así un equipo de profesionales con experiencia en cuidados críticos. Se realizaron sesiones de capacitación para el desarrollo de conocimientos y habilidades antes de que surgieran los primeros casos, que se mantuvieron sistemáticamente. Además, se observó cierta preocupación entre el personal de Enfermería con relación a la salud mental de los profesionales actuantes en esa unidad y, por lo tanto, se programación acciones de apoyo. Conclusión: se forjan las bases sobre las evidencias científicas y las recomendaciones de los organismos competentes a nivel mundial y nacional para la estructuración de la unidad COVID-19. Se destaca el protagonismo de los enfermeros en todas las interfaces, quienes asumen un rol fundamental desde la composición de las comisiones, pasando por la planificación y el funcionamiento de la estructura física, la gestión de recursos humanos y, finalmente, la elaboración de protocolos y flujos de atención, además de su actuación directa en la asistencia provista.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência no processo de estruturação e gestão de uma unidade específica para COVID-19, ressaltando o protagonismo do enfermeiro nas tomadas de decisão. Método: relato de experiência sobre a criação e a gestão da unidade Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), em março de 2020, em um hospital filantrópico do Estado de Santa Catarina. Resultados: a unidade foi estruturada com 10 leitos de terapia intensiva e 20 de enfermaria. Realizaram-se reuniões para a tomada de decisões, criação de protocolos e fluxos com participação ativa do enfermeiro. Nas questões relacionadas à assistência direta, desenvolveram-se adaptações no processo de enfermagem realizado no hospital e ordenamento de novos fluxos e rotinas. O espaço físico foi estruturado, considerando-se o alto risco de transmissibilidade da doença. Realizou-se contratação de profissionais com readequação do dimensionamento conforme a complexidade do serviço, formando-se uma equipe de profissionais com experiência em cuidados críticos. Houve treinamentos para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e habilidades anteriormente aos primeiros casos, que foram mantidos sistematicamente. Ademais, observou-se preocupação dos enfermeiros com relação à saúde mental dos profissionais atuantes nesta unidade e, portanto, programaram-se ações de suporte. Conclusão: enfatiza-se o alicerce nas evidências científicas e recomendações dos órgãos competentes a níveis mundial e nacional para a estruturação da unidade COVID-19. Destaca-se o protagonismo do enfermeiro em todas as interfaces, o qual assume papel fundamental desde a composição das comissões, perpassando pelo planejamento e funcionamento da estrutura física, gestão de recursos humanos e construção de protocolos e fluxos de cuidado, além de atuar diretamente na assistência.

Rol del farmacéutico en la atención integral de pacientes con hepatitis C: revisión sistemática / The role of pharmacists in the comprehensive care of patients with hepatitis C: a systematic review

Resumen Objetivo: identificar y caracterizar las acciones/intervenciones realizadas desde los servicios farmacéuticos en el abordaje de pacientes con hepatitis C y proponer una vía clínica para la gestión de la enfermedad que incluya la participación del farmacéutico. Método: revisión sistemática en PubMed y EMBASE empleando los términos "Hepatitis C", "Pharmaceutical Services", "Community Pharmacy Services", y "Pharmacies"; artículos publicados hasta el 31 de marzo de 2019, cuyo tema central fueran las actividades realizadas por los servicios farmacéuticos en la atención a pacientes con hepatitis C. Se recopiló información sobre la actividad realizada, responsable, si la intervención era individual o colectiva y el entorno de aplicación. Las actividades se agruparon en promoción y prevención, gestión administrativa, atención farmacéutica, investigación y otros servicios de apoyo. De acuerdo con esto, se propuso una vía clínica para el manejo de la hepatitis C con participación del farmacéutico. Resultados: se incluyeron 60 artículos, principalmente de estudios descriptivos. La mayoría de las publicaciones reportó intervenciones realizadas en Estados Unidos y España. Se identificó la participación del personal farmacéutico en cada una de las etapas del proceso de atención, que incluye la provisión de servicios de reducción del daño, tamizaje del virus de la hepatitis C, vinculación de los pacientes al tratamiento, prescripción de medicamentos y órdenes de laboratorio. Conclusiones: se identifican y caracterizan las acciones/intervenciones realizadas desde el servicio farmacéutico para el manejo de la hepatitis C y se propone una vía clínica en la que se integran los servicios profesionales farmacéuticos a las demás actividades de la atención del paciente.

Abstract Objective: To identify and characterize the actions/interventions carried out by pharmaceutical services to approach patients with Hepatitis C and propose a clinical pathway for managing the disease that involves pharmacists. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE using the terms "Hepatitis C," "Pharmaceutical Services," "Community Pharmacy Services," and "Pharmacies." Articles published until March 31, 2019, whose central topic was the activities carried out by the pharmaceutical services in the care of patients with Hepatitis C, were included. Information on the activity performed, the person in charge, whether the intervention was individual or collective, and the implementation environment was collected. The activities were grouped into promotion and prevention, administrative management, pharmaceutical care, research, and other support services. Based on the above, a clinical pathway for the management of Hepatitis C involving pharmacists was proposed. Results: Sixty articles were included, mainly descriptive studies. Most publications reported interventions in the United States and Spain. Pharmaceutical staff involvement was identified at each stage of the care process, including the provision of harm reduction services, Hepatitis C virus screening, enrolling patients to treatment, medication prescription, and laboratory orders. Conclusions: The actions/interventions carried out by the pharmaceutical service for Hepatitis C management were identified and characterized. A clinical pathway has been proposed to integrate professional pharmaceutical services with other patient care activities.

Proyecto MAPEC-Salta: una nueva modalidad de atención para pacientes hipertensos en el primer nivel de atención de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina / MAPEC-Salta Project: a new care model for hypertense patients in primary health care of Salta city, Argentine

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es la primera causa de morbimortalidad cardiovascular. A menudo es una enfermedad mal controlada porque los sistemas de salud están más orientados a atender enfermedades agudas. El Ministerio de Salud de Argentina propuso un nuevo modelo de atención para pacientes hipertensos conocido como MAPEC, basado en el Modelo de cuidados crónicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la implementación del MAPEC en el control de la presión arterial (PA), el cuidado de las medidas higiénico-dietéticas, el conocimiento de la enfermedad y la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensos asistidos en tres centros de atención primaria de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina. Material y Métodos: Se midió la PA con tensiómetro digital automático; se evaluó el conocimiento de la HTA y la adherencia al tratamiento con los test de Batalla y Morisky-Green-Levine, respectivamente. Resultados: Se estudiaron 232 pacientes. Hubo diferencias significativas (p <0,0001) luego de la intervención en el control de la PA, el conocimiento de la enfermedad, la adherencia al tratamiento y las medidas higiénico-dietéticas. También en los promedios de PA, con una disminución de 12,97 (IC95: 9,52-16,42) mmHg en la presión sistólica y de 6,93 (IC95: 4,70-9,16) mmHg en la presión diastólica. Conclusiones: Fue evidente la mejoría en los parámetros de salud analizados en los pacientes con la implementación del MAPEC. Este modelo es de fácil aplicación y bajo costo. Además, está en consonancia con los objetivos 25×25 de la OMS, mediante los que se busca una reducción del 25% de las muertes prematuras por enfermedades cardiovasculares hacia el año 2025.

ABSTRACT Background: blood hypertension is the first cause of worldwide cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, it is a poorly controlled disease, largely because health care systems are oriented to the attention of acute diseases. The Argentine Ministry of Health proposed a new care model for hypertensive patients called MAPEC, based on the Chronic Care Model. Objective: to evaluate the impact made by the implementation of MAPEC to improve the blood pressure control, the treatment adherence and changes in life style, and disease awareness, in three primary health centers of Salta city Argentine. Methods: the blood pressure was measured with automated device, Batalla and Morisky-Green-Levine were used to evaluate the disease awareness and treatment adherence, respectively. Results: 232 patients were included. After model implementation, significant difference (p<0,0001) were found in blood pressure control, disease awareness, treatment adherence and changes in life style. There was a decrease in blood pressure average with reduction of 12,97 (IC 95: 9,52-16,42) mm Hg and 6,93 (IC 95: 4,70-9,16) mm Hg in sistolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. Conclusions: there was evident improvement in the analyzed health parameters after MAPEC implementation. This can be easily adapted for primary health centers and with low cost. This is in order with WHO 25×25 target to reduce 25% cardiovascular premature deaths in 2025.

Dinámica praxiológica, endoscópica y asistencial del residente de Gastroenterología en la atención a pacientes con neoplasias del sistema digestivo / Praxiologic, endoscopic and assistance dynamic of the gastroenterology resident in the care to patients with digestive system neoplasms

Introducción: En la formación del residente de Gastroenterología todavía se perciben limitaciones en cuanto al tratamiento, la prevención y la pesquisa de neoplasias del sistema digestivo, lo que indica la necesidad de un proceso pedagógico que tipifique y eleve la importancia de una praxis asistencial más coherente y comprometida con las necesidades de salud de la población. Desarrollo: Los referentes epistemológicos sobre este tema revelan una limitada sistematización de la dimensión asistencial respecto a la atención a pacientes con tumores digestivos, pues no se ha logrado integrar el diagnóstico, la prevención y la terapéutica en la intervención holística endoscópica de los especialistas de esta rama de la medicina. Conclusiones: La dinámica praxiológica, endoscópica y asistencial que se propone en esta investigación deviene lógica de sistematización formativa que favorece el perfeccionamiento de la práctica clinicoendoscópico-asistencial de este especialista en la atención holística a pacientes con neoplasias del tracto gastrointestinal.

Introduction: In the training of the Gastroenterology resident are still limitations perceived as for the treatment, prevention and investigation of the digestive system neoplasms, what indicates the necessity of a pedagogic process that typifies and elevate the importance of a more coherent and committed assistance practice with the population's health needs. Development: The epistemological referents on this topic reveal a limited systematization of the assistance dimension regarding care to patients with digestive tumors, because it has not been possible to integrate the diagnosis, prevention and therapy in the holistic endoscopic intervention of the specialists of this branch of medicine. Conclusions: The praxiologic, endoscopic and assistance dynamic that is suggested in this investigation becomes logic of training systematizing that favors the improvement of this specialist's clinicoendoscopic-assistance practice in the holistic care to patients with gastrointestinal tract neoplasms.